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Cultural hyrbidity Essay

The combination of social and ethnic characters alludes to hybridisation. A great many people recognize that they can be subsidiary with an ...

Thursday, August 27, 2020

Cultural hyrbidity Essay

The combination of social and ethnic characters alludes to hybridisation. A great many people recognize that they can be subsidiary with an individual culture. Banton (2000) takes note of that â€Å"in the contemporary UK ethnicity is getting progressively perceived as something everybody has†. 1 Common interests or shared qualities help frame and create social attachment’s (culture, plunge, family, religion, dialects, food and customary qualities) which thusly creates and produces ethnic characters. Relocation of ethnic minorities has blended a portion of the UK’s populace into feeling the British national character is under danger. Crossover character can be ascribed to the trading of culture through globalization. Sheila Patterson (1965) concentrated original transients in Brixton, London during the 1950’s. Her investigation included meetings, perception and member perception with 250 whites and 150 Afro-Caribbean’s. Patterson (1965) accepts the connection among hosts and migrants as not fixed yet advancing constantly; â€Å"Whilst adaption through socialization and cultural assimilation was hard for workers, the host’s experience was a progressively uninvolved type of acknowledgment. â€Å"2 Eriksen (2002) brings up that â€Å"no genuine researcher today accepts that innate qualities clarify social varieties. â€Å"3 Patterson (1965) likewise states â€Å"the approaching gathering all in all †¦ adjusts to lasting participation of the getting society in certain significant circles prominently financial and common life. â€Å"4 Patterson’s last phase of adaption is digestion, where transients or minority bunches accomplish total acknowledgment in the public eye. Patterson saw that physical amalgamation may prompt unmistakable highlights of transient gatherings and that of their hosts to be lost. Patterson found the advancement of the West Indian transients in Britain was restricted, â€Å"there was still resistance to the work of West Indians by white specialists. â€Å"5 Nick names and jovial references brought about clash. An ascent in the quantity of West Indian proprietors and the acknowledgment of West Indian inhabitants did anyway help reduce lodging issues. Bigotry existed with certain shops denying the custom of ethnic minorities because of the shade of their skin. Social connections among transients and hosts existed however just on an easygoing contact premise. Patterson (1965) noticed that probably the West Indians had embraced the British lifestyle be that as it may, there were not many between racial relationships. Paterson closed â€Å"over the following a very long time in Britain the West Indian vagrants and their kids will follow in the means of the Irish and accomplish practically complete digestion into British Society. â€Å"

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Recreation after the Civil War Essay Dark political action during the Reconstruction after the Civil War originated from the experience of after war subjugation or what was called bondage. A solid feeling of network became out of shared racial persecution and added to the development of a political represent the dark freedman. Despite the fact that this development was significant it truly didn't turn out to be extremely solid after the Civil War. Liberation was befuddling to most blacks and the wartime issue didn’t help the dubious circumstance. Freedmen moved mindfully to investigate what changes were going on in their lives. They were increasingly inspired by singular measures to improve their opportunity and abstained from getting politically dynamic. One of the freedmen’s first wants was to leave anything having to do with servitude behind. They needed to characterize their new status not the same as the subjection they had known. What numerous blacks did first in the wake of getting free was to leave the estate that had subjugated them. Some searched for family and other set out toward towns and urban communities, however generally needed to leave. Self-rule was a key issue that emerged out of liberation. From the outset the freedmen trusted their needs would be met by the national government. Enlivened by wartime seizure of grower land, and the guarantee of the Freedmen’s Bureau, the previous slaves hung tight for their â€Å"forty sections of land and a mule†. The Freedmen’s Bureau was a hiring office set up to help the previous slaves by giving alleviation, training, legitimate assistance, and help with picking up land or work and originated from the Reconstruction time frame. The issue of how to remake the Union after the South’s military destruction was won of the most troublesome difficulties looked by American policymakers. The Constitution didn’t give any rules. The ranchers had not foreseen a division of the nation into warring segments. Liberation was a significant power for the Northern war points, yet the issue increased when questions emerged on how far the national government ought to go to make sure about opportunity and social equality for previous slaves. The discussion that followed prompted a significant political emergency. Backers of an insignificant Reconstruction approach supported brisk reclamation of the Union with no insurance for the liberated slaves past the disallowance of bondage. Advocates of a progressively extreme strategy needed readmission of the southern states to be reliant on ensures that dependable men would uproot the Confederate higher ups in position of intensity and that blacks would increase a portion of the essential privileges of American citizenship. The White House needed the lesser methodology and congress supported the more extreme methodology of Reconstruction (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson Williams, 1987, p. 457). The strain between the President and Congress on the most proficient method to reproduce the Union started during the war. Lincoln never had an arrangement for uniting the states back, yet he took a few activities that showed an increasingly tolerant and pardoning approach towards Southerners who surrendered the battle and criticized servitude. Lincoln gave a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863 that offered a full absolution to all Southerners, with the exception of specific classes of Confederate pioneers, who might make a vow of loyalty to the association and recognize the legitimateness of liberation (Fitzgerald, 1989, p. 11). This arrangement was intended to abbreviate the war. The President trusted that giving exculpation and political acknowledgment to vow taking minorities would debilitate the southern reason by making it simple for frustrated confederates to switch sides. Be that as it may, Congress was discontent with the President’s recreation tests and in 1864 wouldn't situate the Unionists chose for the House and Senate from Louisiana and Arkansas. A minority of congressional Republicans, who were solid abolitionist servitude radicals, needed security for dark rights as a precondition for the readmission of the southern states. These Republican activists were disturbed in light of the fact that Lincoln had not demanded that the constitution makers accommodate dark testimonial. The overwhelm see in Congress was that the southern states had certainly relinquished their place in the Union and that it was dependent upon Congress to choose when and how they would be readmitted. Congress passed its very own Reconstruction bill in 1864. The Wade-Davis charge which necessitated that 50% of the voters must make a vow of future faithfulness before the reclamation procedure could start (Divine Breen, Fredrickson Williams, 1987 p. 452). The individuals who might swear that they had never enthusiastically upheld the Confederacy could cast a ballot in a political race for representatives to a sacred show. The bill didn't require dark testimonial, however it gave government courts the ability to implement liberation, yet Lincoln utilized a pocket veto and wouldn't sign. Congress and the President remained slowed down on the Reconstruction issue for the remainder of the war. In any case, during the most recent months in office Lincoln demonstrated some longing to settle. He demonstrated a lot of enthusiasm for getting the administrations in Louisiana and Arkansas that he began, with the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863, to increasing full acknowledgment yet Lincoln was getting used to the perfect of remembering dark testimonial for the entirety of this. Unfortunately Mr. Lincoln passed on before anybody knew the result of the battle among congress and this man. Andrew Johnson’s endeavor at remaking additionally put him on edge with Congress making the most genuine emergency throughout the entire existence of relations between the official and authoritative parts of the central government. During the war Johnson embraced Lincoln’s liberation approach and conveyed it into impact. He saw it principally as a methods for decimating the intensity of the grower class as opposed to as acknowledgment of dark humankind (Divine Breen, Fredrickson Williams, 1987). Johnson’s administration was an enormous astonishment and truly wasn’t assume to happen thinking about that he was a southern Democrat and an intense racial oppressor. In any case, the foundation of the issue was that he couldn't help contradicting most of Congress on what Reconstruction should achieve. An adherent of the Democratic states’ rights he needed to reestablish the prewar wild framework as fast as could reasonably be expected, with the main changes being that states would no longer reserve the option to legitimize servitude or to withdraw. Numerous Republican’s accepted that if the old southern decision class were to pick up power they would devise an arrangement to enslave blacks. Liberation had evacuated the three-fifths proviso of the constitution that considered slaves just three-fifth of an individual now they were to be included in deciding portrayal. Congress supported a Reconstruction strategy that would give the national government position to restrict the job of ex-confederates and give security to dark citizenship (Fitzgerald, 1989, p. 48). The difference between the President and Congress got beyond reconciliation in mid 1866 when Johnson vetoed two bills that had gone with overpowering Republican help (Fitzgerald, 1989, 81). The first was to expand the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the second was a social liberties charge intended to invalidate the dark codes and assurance to the freedmen full and equivalent advantage all things considered and security of self and property as the white had. Johnson was fruitful at obstructing the Freedmen’s department bill however later an adjusted variant passed. The Civil Rights Act won the 66% larger part expected to abrogate the president’s veto. The primary truth was that recuperation would not occur or even start until another work framework supplanted subjugation. It was broadly accepted in both the North and South that southern thriving would keep on relying upon cotton and that the ranch was the most proficient route for creating the yield. However, revamping the estate economy was ruined by absence of capital, the conviction of southern whites that blacks would work just whenever constrained, and by the freedmen’s protection from work conditions that were still fundamentally subjugation (Divine, Breen, Fitzgerald Williams, 1987). Blacks needed to be little free ranchers as opposed to estate workers and they accepted that the government would assist them with attaining their fantasies. General Sherman, who had tremendous quantities of dark outlaws follow his military on an acclaimed walk, gave a request in 1865 that put aside the islands and beach front regions of Georgia and South Carolina for just dark inhabitance on forty section of land plots. The Freedmen’s Bureau was given control of a huge number of sections of land of deserted or seized land and approved to make forty section of land awards to dark pilgrims for a multi year time span. After that they would have the choice to purchase at low costs. More than forty thousand dark ranchers dealt with 300,000 sections of land of land they thought would have been theirs (Berlin, 1976, p. 141). In any case, the fantasy of forty sections of land and a donkey the legislature guaranteed was not going to occur. President Johnson exculpated the proprietors of the vast majority of the land alloted to the ex-slaves by Sherman and the Freedmen’s Bureau and alongside the disappointment of congress to propose a compelling project of land appropriation and redistribution the land blacks couldn't pick up title to the land they had been working. The ex-slaves even without land and in destitution despite everything were hesitant to settle down and submit their selves to wage work for their previous experts. They were seeking after something better some despite everything anticipating awards of land while others were simply attempting to expand their dealing power. The most well-known type of rural work in 1866 was provisional work. Under this framework laborers would submit themselves for a year as an end-result of fixed wages that the majority of would be paid after reap. Numerous grower were slanted to make hard deals, misuse their laborers or cheat them toward the year's end. The

Friday, August 21, 2020

10 Best Small Liberal Arts Schools With Engineering Programs TKG

10 Best Small Liberal Arts Schools With Engineering Programs When you think “engineering,” you don’t necessarily picture a small liberal arts school. Think again. While engineering and liberal arts don’t often mix, they sometimes do. Rather, engineering in a liberal arts environment does exist and we’re here to tell you why we think it’s a great idea. Think of it as the best of both worlds. Not only are you able to study engineering and gain an extensive amount of hands-on research, but you’re able to do it in an intellectually stimulating environment with a diverse student body.While there are many upsides to pursuing your engineering degree at a school that specializes in that field, it’s important to consider what you want in terms of student body and the overall focus of the school. Do you want to go to a school with predominantly STEM and engineering students? Or do you want the option to take a Comparative Literature class because you have diverse interests? The marriage of a liberal arts and STEM education is not a new c oncept, but there are a few schools that produce great engineers after graduation. There really aren’t downsides, and here’s whyâ€"you’re equipping yourself with both broad-based knowledge and analytical thinking skills that can be applied to many situations and fields of focus.A large number of liberal arts schools offer a joint-degree program with either their engineering schools or an engineering school at a partnering institution for students who wish to complete both their Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Engineering. These programs are often 5-6 years. Dartmouth offers this, accepting applications from 20 liberal arts colleges for their dual-degree program at the Thayer School of Engineering. As does Columbia. You would spend your junior or senior year either at the partner institution or your school, return to receive your Bachelor’s degree from your school of origin, and then spend 1-2 years at the partner institution for an additional year or two . The timing varies depending on your program.Here’s a selection of 10 great engineering programs that also happen to be offered at top-tier, small liberal arts schools. There’s no order to these, by the way:Swarthmore CollegeSize: 1,581Location: Swarthmore, PADual-degree option: No.Bowdoin CollegeSize: 1,799Location: Brunswick, MEDual-degree option: Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Dartmouth’s Thayer School and Columbia’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.Bard CollegeSize: 2,051Location: Annandale-on-Hudson, NYDual-degree option: Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Dartmouth’s Thayer School and Columbia’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.Wesleyan UniversitySize: 2,897Location: Middletown, CTDual-degree option: Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Thayer School’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.Smith CollegeSize: 2,478Location: Northampton, MADual-degree option: No, but Smith offers both a BS and a BA in Engineering.Dartmouth CollegeSize: 4,307Location: Hano ver, NHDual-degree option: 5-year program resulting in a Bachelor’s of Science and Bachelor’s of Engineering through Thayer School of Engineering. Though it’s bigger than the schools on this list, it’s the school that offers the dual-degree program. There are merits to looking into attending for undergraduate, namely that you won’t need to change locations at all for your fifth year.Davidson CollegeSize: 1,784Location: Charlotte, NCDual-degree option:  Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Columbia’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.Bucknell CollegeSize: 3,569Location: Lewisburg, PADual-degree option: Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Thayer School’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.Scripps CollegeSize: 973Location: Claremont, CADual-degree option: Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Columbia’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.Hamilton CollegeSize: 1,872Location: Clinton, NYDual-degree option: Can apply to pursue dual-degree through Dartmouth’s Thayer Sch ool and Columbia’s Bachelor of Engineering Program.This is just a selection of schools that offers an engineering program. There are dozens more, in many locations throughout the U.S. Let us know if you need help parsing the details or just want to talk college. We love a college chat.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Marcus Brutus The True Tragic Hero in Julius Caesar, by...

The play Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare, starts out with a celebration in 44 BC Rome exactly one month before the Ides of March, which is when a group of conspirators plan on murdering Caesar. Cassius, the leader of the conspiracy, tries to recruit Marcus Brutus into the group because he believes it will make them look less like murderers and more like heroes. He agrees and helps carry out the assassination. The story continues after Caesar’s death with a series of disagreements between characters and ultimately a civil war involving Brutus and Cassius and their armies, and Mark Antony’s army. Even though the play is called Julius Caesar, Marcus Brutus is the real tragic hero because he is very well respected, he assumes everyone thinks the same way as him, and he ends up killing himself. Brutus is always very well respected because he was very close to Caesar and an important part in his senate. His decision is always final in the play. For example, the conspirators are not sure if they want to include Cicero in the group but Brutus does not want Cicero to join, so they decide not to include him. Another example would be when the group contemplates killing Mark Antony. Brutus argues that they would look like murderers if they killed Antony, so it they decided against killing Antony. When Brutus and Cassius have different ideas about how they should attack Antony’s army, Cassius says, â€Å"Then with your will go on; We’ll along ourselves, and meet them atShow MoreRelated Marcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essays735 Words   |  3 PagesMarcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar      Ã‚   In many stories there is a tragic hero. The hero finds out about himself and the people around him in the story. In Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, Marcus Brutus is the tragic hero. The play Julius Caesar is about politics and betrayal in ancient Rome. Brutus is part of the senate, which is below Caesar, who is soon to be crowned. The senate wants to overthrow Caesar to save Rome. To do this the senate has to get BrutusRead MoreExamples Of Tragic Hero In Julius Caesar905 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† By Shakespearean definition, a tragic hero is someone of high position such as a nobleman, who has hamartia, a tragic flaw that leads to his downfall, and even his demise. This is strongly illustrated in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, where Marcus Brutus’ desire to remain noble and honourable leads him to naivety and self destruction. The plot of the play revolves around removing power from Caesar, causing the inability of Marcus BrutusRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 Pagesdoesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works of William Shakespeare such as MacbethRead MoreMarcus Brutus: Shakespeares Tragic Hero in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar1238 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare illustrates Marcus Brutus as a tragic hero in the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Shakespeare defines tragic hero as a flawed character who has good fortune, and then loses all he has prized, leading to his misfortune, but a tragic hero must have that moment of enlightenment, that moment where a character can see that he caused his own downfall and receives the blame for his own tragedy. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is based on an historical event- the assassination of JuliusRead MoreMarcus Brutus: The Tragic Hero Of Julius Ceasar972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.†(Aristotle). It should be noted that the Heroes downfall is his own fault as a result of his own free will, At times his death is seen as a waste of human potential. His death usually is not a pure loss, because it results in greater knowledge and awareness. In Julius Ceasar, William Shakespeare develops Marcus Brutus as the Tragic Hero whose ambition and naivety in his blind confidence in the nobility of man sparked guidanceRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar has catastrophe in more characters than just Caesar. William Shakespeare presented Marcus Brutus in a way that closely followed the example of a tragic hero. Brutus came from noble birth, had a fatal flaw, suffered a great tragedy. Brutus also fits into Shakespeare’s variation of tragic heroes, by giving Brutus complexity, internal conflict, and using choice over fate. Brutus’ ultimate goal is fulfilled by in part by his actions. Brutus thought his cause to be honorableRead MoreJulius Caesar by William Shakespeare560 Words   |  2 Pagestragedy is a story in where the main character obtains a flaw that leads to their downfall. This main character, called a tragic hero, possesses qualities that cause their demise. These qualities are called tragic flaws. In Julius Caesar, both Julius Caesar and Brutus can be seen as tragic heroes. However, Brutus is the most tragic hero of the two. The qualities that make Brutus a hero are also the qualities that lead to his downfall. He cares about everyone, and makes each decision for the good of RomeRead MoreEssay about Marcus Brutus: Praetor, Senator, and Tragic Hero858 Words   |  4 PagesMarcus Brutus: Praetor, Senator, and Tragic Hero The famous play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by the esteemed playwright William Shakespeare, details the plight of Marcus Brutus and the other Roman conspirators against the dictator Julius Caesar. There are several tragic heroes in this play who suffer extreme downfalls. A tragic hero is a character who was once in high regard or standing but encounters a series of terrible events that contribute to a giant downfall from that position.Read MoreHonorable Betrayal Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesHonorable Betrayal The William Shakespeare play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar tells the story of the assassination of Julius Caesar and the eight conspirators behind it. The play takes place in 44 B.C. in Rome. Marcus Brutus is the protagonist and face-man of the insidious conspiracy. He is also the tragic hero in this classic work of literature. Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero is a character that has a character flaw, also known as hubris, and experiences a downfall from a high positionRead MoreTragic Hero In Julius Caesar829 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is a person, of noble birth, with heroic potential but doomed by fate. The hero struggles against his fate but eventually fails because of a mistake or even a flaw. In Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, a character may come to mind and fit this definition, Marcus Brutus. In this play, Julius Caesar’s ambition for power drove the honorable Brutus to think negatively about C aesar’s position of being the king of Rome. The honorable Brutus shows his

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Sample APA Article Review

The purpose of the conventional sample APA article review is to summarize as well as evaluate the ideas and core principles highlighted by the author. It examines the main points and important claims of the presented information. An article review is focused on discussing the positive aspects of the article along with finding negative contradictions or inconsistencies within the selected text. It is necessary to remain impersonal when writing an article review in the APA formatting and be critical regarding the key concepts of the text. The professors L. Johnson and K. Caruson in their article â€Å"The Seven Sins of the American Foreign Policy† examine the basis of the United States international affairs with the other countries worldwide. The authors investigate a historical sequence of the events that the American foreign policy went through, in order to identify the core principles on which the international affairs of the country are shaken. To avoid the harmful effects of the identified system-related issues, they suggest to intervene through the educational force that would guarantee a bottom-up approach towards the process of solving major complications of the American foreign policy. The authors provide readers with seven fundamental defects that should be emphasized in order to perfect the international image of the country. The greatest concern to long-term U.S. foreign policy interests constitutes ignorance. In other words, common Americans are not competent in international matters because historically the society has evolved mass closeness towards the surrounding world. As a result, the authors sustain their credibility by presenting statistics, where local students were not able to locate countries on the map or even name some of the African countries. Lack of interest is the greatest issue for the future of the foreign policy as the country is currently dependent on the international community while serving a basis for safety and stability in the world. Moreover, L. Johnson and K. Caruson emphasize that precipitation of military activity can lead to harmful consequences on the national safety. The main strength of the article concerns the unbiased perspective on the current state of the events. The authors do not take a single Republican or Democratic approach towards the leading of a foreign policy. Instead, they provide reasonable arguments in order to present the question at the full scale. With the continual elections in the United States, this article is of immense value, as the country can transform its attitude to the international community based on the next ruling party on the political arena. The authors apply the logical sequence of the identified problems and sustain each notion with the historical evidence in relation to the research conducted by political scientists on the complicated area. An abundance of relative information creates an impression of the article being reliable and valid. Nevertheless, there is a controversy that the authors unintentionally hold in the content related to the possibility of solving the international issues within the country. This article has been written a decade ago, yet till now according to the researches, the situation did not evolve. The identified sins of the foreign policy have not altered, what creates a huge gap of misunderstanding within the international community. Furthermore, the authors did not regard an external side of the argument, identifying the attitude of other countries based on the extensive propaganda of the United States. To sum everything up, this article is an informative and strong research on the existing issues challenges of the foreign policy of the United States. Reference Anderson, P. (2015). American foreign policy and its thinkers. Brooklyn, NY, USA: Verso Books. Johnson, L., Caruson, K. (2003). The Seven Sins of American Foreign Policy.American Political Science Association, 36(1), 5-10. Johnson, L. K. (2012). National security intelligence: Secret operations in defense of the democracies. Cambridge: Polity. Pauly, R. J. (2010). The Ashgate research companion to US foreign policy. Farnham, England: Ashgate. Roberts, P. S. (2013). Disasters and the American state: How politicians, bureaucrats, and the public prepare for the unexpected New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Oedipus Rex - Conflict, Climax, Resolution Essay - 2880 Words

Oedipus Rex - Conflict, Climax, Resolution Sophocles’ tragic drama, Oedipus Rex, sees the conflict develop and reach a climax, and this is followed by a catastrophe and resolution of the conflict. E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus† describes the climax of the drama: The central scenes contain the heart of the drama, that for which the rest exists – the drama of the revelation. The poet’s task here is to make its effect adequate to the expectation. He manages to spin it out to nearly 500 lines, and, instead of thinning, increases the excitement by spreading it out; it becomes a threefold revelation rising to a climax (36). Thus it is that Owen sees the conflict escalating†¦show more content†¦Thomas Van Nortwick in The Meaning of a Masculine Life describes Oedipus’ tragic flaw: As ruler, he is a father to Thebes and its citizens, and like a father he will take care of his â€Å"children.† We see already the supreme self-confidence and ease of command in Oedipus, who can address not only other people’s children as his own, but also be a father to men older than he is. But beyond even this there is, in the wretched posture of the citizens, the hint of prostration before a deity. We are â€Å"clinging to your altars,† says the priest. . . . That he also exudes a godlike mastery in the eyes of his subjects only strengthens the heroic portrait. . . .(21-22). The â€Å"godlike mastery† to which Van Nortwick refers is the same mastery which Creon in his final lines designates as the cause of the tragic dimension in the life of the protagonist: â€Å"Crave not mastery in all, /For the mastery that raised thee was thy bane and wrought thy fall.† Oedipus’ total mastery of the investigation resultant from the Delphic oracle’s declaration, yes, his forceful pursuit of the investigation against the wishes of Jocasta, Teiresias, the messenger and the shepherd, ultimately spells the downfall of King Oedipus. Abrams says that the conflict is between the protagonist and antagonist (225). Is the antagonist within Oedipus in the form of his â€Å"godlike mastery,† as Creon believed? Or is the antagonist weird/wyrd/fate, so that the oracleShow MoreRelated The Conflict, Climax and Resolution in Oedipus Rex Essay2737 Words   |  11 PagesThe Conflict, Climax and Resolution in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Sophocles’ tragic drama, Oedipus Rex, presents a main conflict and lesser conflicts and their resolution after a climax.    In Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge, Charles Segal had the protagonist fares well in the first series of tests, but does poorly in the second series:    The first three tests are, respectively, Oedipus’ meetings with Creon, Teiresias, and then Creon again. In eachRead MoreAn Analysis and Comparison of Modern Tragedy in Drama1485 Words   |  6 Pagesconception on certain requirements. According to Aristotle the three most important variables that define a tragedy are plot, characters, and theme. Using Oedipus Rex as a sort of ideal, this philosopher demonstrates how a tragedy functions in order to evoke catharsis while exploring themes and human flaws, or mistakes. In Oedipus Rex, the main figure, Oedipus the King is a subject of fate, unable to escape himself and his desire to uncover the truth. In essence, this drama demonstrates the fall of a prominentRead MoreA Great Translator s Reflections On Oedipus The King1999 Words   |  8 Pagesconceived in diverse ways, in analyzing a work of literature† (300). The matter of the structure of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex is a subject of varying interpretation among literar y critics, as this essay will reveal. In â€Å"A Great Translator’s Reflections on Oedipus the King,† Gilbert Murray, professor at Oxford University in England, cites structure as one of the reasons why he chose Oedipus Rex as a work of translation: On the whole, I can only say that the work of translation has made me feel even moreRead More The Themes in Oedipus Rex Essay2792 Words   |  12 PagesThe Themes in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex, contains one main theme, which this essay will consider. The theme is the general doctrine or belief implicit in the drama, which the author seeks to make persuasive to the reader (Abrams 170).    In â€Å"Sophocles’ Moral Themes† Robert D. Murray Jr. cites a critic who is strictly moralist in the interpretation of the theme of Oedipus Rex:    Let C. M. Bowra speak for the moralists:    The central idea ofRead MoreEssay on Antigone - The Tragic Flaw2238 Words   |  9 Pagesdishonouring laws which the gods have established in honour.    Ismene is unmoved by the reasoning and sentiments of her sister: â€Å"I do them no dishonour; but to defy the State,-I have no strength for that.† Her conflict with her sister over the unlawful interment is not a serious conflict for either of the sisters. Ismene, in parting, accuses Antigone of foolishness in her bold plans: â€Å"Go, then, if thou must; and of this be sure,-that though thine errand is foolish, to thy dear ones thou art trulyRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of Read MoreThe Scarlet Letter and Hester5407 Words   |  22 Pagesallusion to a Greek myth in which Cadmus kills a dragon and plants his teeth. The teeth grow into warriors who fight each other until only few are left alive. This myth, incidentally, is the beginning of the story that eventually comes to concern Oedipus Rex, but there is no association to be made between that story and this one. 11. What was the first thing Pearl noticed in her mother? 12. What happens when Hester sees her reflection in Pearls eyes? This is still another example of intentional ambiguity

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Sin Taxes Essay Example For Students

Sin Taxes Essay The squeeze is on. Demand for government to decrease its reliance on sales, property, and income taxes as sources of revenue is continuing to rise, leaving policy makers scrambling for new, less painful sources of revenue. Also going up are the costs of providing public services, entitlement programs, and conducting the other various functions of government. This upward spiral requires that they simultaneously look for better, cheaper, and more effective spending strategies. It is no wonder that policy makers are starting to feel the pinch. To make things all the more uncertain, we are facing a federal debt that seems to swell exponentially on a daily basis and a national economy with the moodiness and sensitivity of a manic-depressive. All in all, it is a situation that demands a whole new degree of creativity from all levels of government. This cathartic hour in the fiscal evolution of our nation has pressured out a myriad of new and unorthodox strategies for spending cuts and new sources of revenue. One group of these new strategies, termed sin taxes, (so called because they are directly associated with what is traditionally considered the seedier side of American life), are gaining widespread popular support and are being considered a silver lining without the dark clouds by some in the federal government and by many financially strapped state legislatures. Sin taxes are really two different types of revenue strategies with two different outlooks, combined under one name. The first of the two categories is government sponsored lotteries and legalized gambling. The second category is excise taxes. The two differ in that legalized gambling tends to be an encouraged vice, an attitude fostered by the states hope of improving revenues.On the other side, excise taxes are often levied on products considered socially unvirtuous, products like alcohol and tobacco. In these cases they are used as a deterrent in order to discourage the use of the products they are applied to. Lotteries and GamblingLotteries and gambling are not really new concepts in the search for sources of revenue. The first Continental Congress made the use of lotteries to help finance the Revolutionary War. You could say that, in more than one way, we all owe our freedom to mans willingness to take a gamble. Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson all ran their own private lotteries. There was a time, however, not too long ago, when gambling was held in notorious regard by the general public. In fact, gambling houses were considered only slightly above opium dens in their insidiousness. Gambling was made out to be a hideous social monster that stole bread from the mouths of children, made families destitute, and put people out of their homes. At various times in our history gambling has created, in the minds of decent citizens at least, visions of the illicit. Images of slick, smooth talking professional cheats beguiling the public. In 1955,baseball commissioner F ord Frick considered wagering so corrupt he prohibited major leaguers from overnighting in Los Vegas.In the last decade or so, however, viewpoints have changed dramatically. Public perspective on gambling has turned almost one hundred and eighty degrees. A recent survey conducted by Harrahs, a casino company, found that fifty-one percent of American adults believe casino entertainment is acceptable for anyone. Another thirty-five percent say its acceptable for others, but not for me.'This drastic change of attitude may seem surprising at first but that surprise quickly fades once you realize what American societies moral indignation has been up against. An increasingly bleak outlook in finding and maintaining employment and a growing uncertainty in maintaining financial security teamed with an aggressive marketing and public opinion campaign launched by casino interests, state governments, and Indian reservations has almost certainly had a hand in eroding anti-gambling zeal. State a nd city governments further untarnished gamblings image by imprinting the funds they created for special programs like education and seniors funds to make it more agreeable to constituents. Other things, such as the many churches that use bingo as a way to raise funds, have contributed as well. The change of casinos from family run businesses to the tidy glow of corporate ownership has rinsed away the stain

Friday, April 10, 2020

Roman Life In Julius Caesar Essays - , Term Papers

Roman Life in Julius Caesar In the play of Julius Caesar, we see a brief picture of Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, we see many unfortunate things. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens. For instance, the setting of the first scene is based upon superstition, the Feast of Lupercal. This feast is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how throughout Rome, roaming the streets are mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the ope ning scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings without fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of Julius Caesar, a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. Before the play fully unravels, we see a few of signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we also see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Ceasar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calphurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare. She tells Caesar of a battle breaking out in the heart of Rome, "Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol," with Caesar painfully dying, such that "...The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes." Although Caesar realizes Calphurnia is truly concerned about his well-being, he seeks another interpretation, coming to the conclusion that the person who imagines the dream may not be the wisest one to interpret it 's meaning. Later Caesar tells his faithful companion Decius about it, and he interprets it quite the contrary, "That it was a vision fair and fortunate," and indeed, today is an ideal day to go out, since this is the day "To give a crown to mighty Caesar." Perhaps Decius is implying here that today is a day where much appreciation and appraisal will be given to Caesar, surely not the endangerment of his well-being as Calphurnia interprets it. Caesar predictably agrees with him, as most citizens enjoy believing the more positive of two interpretations. After Caesar's assasination at the hand of Brutus, Cassius, and the rest of the conspirators, Brutus and Cassius are chased into the country side, where we see a few superstitious signs of their forthcoming painful death in battle. In a dream, Brutus sees Caesar's "ghost", interpreted as an omen of his defeat. He also looks upon the ensign, and instead of the usual stock of eagles, ravens and kites replace them, construed as another sign of their loss at Phillipi. Not surprisingly, Caesar's death is avenged in the end, with the two of the conspirators' double suicide. As superstition is inter-twined within the basis of the entire play, we can reasonably conclude that it is because of this irrational belief of why certain events occur and how to avoid them, that Caesar is retired and eventually avenged.

Monday, March 9, 2020

Maggie Marketing and Business

Maggie Marketing and Business Maggie: Marketing and Business-level Strategic Planning Essay Global Business Strategy Week10 Business-level Strategic Planning Learning Objectives Types of business-level strategies – Porter’s typology – Miles & Snow’s typology – Product life cycle Business-level strategic planning – Value-chain – Strategy clock Week 10 2 Porter’s Competitive Strategies Overall cost leadership – Supply the same product or service at a lower unit cost than competitors Differentiation – Supply a product or service of which one or more attributes are perceived as more valuable Focus – Target certain types of products for certain customer groups or regions Week 10 3 Cost-leadership Cost leader can be obtained through economies of scale simpler product design lower input costs efficient organisational process Case: IKEA simple, high-quality Scandinavian design (cost-saving in product design) buying offices in 45 countries (cost-saving in inputs) knock-down furniture kits (cost-saving in assembling and delivering) huge suburban stores (cost-saving in warehousing) customer self-service with tape measures, pens and notepaper (cost-saving in staffing) Week 10 4 Differentiation Differentiation brings competitive advantage meet the buyer needs in a unique manner create the higher perceived value and able to charge a higher price quality differentiation Rolex customer service Singapore Airlines value-for-money Fisher and Paykel, Mark and Spencer brand image Coca-Cola, Calvin and Klein Week 10 5 Focus focus strategy brings competitive advantage match the features of specific products to the needs of specific customer groups geographic region ethnicity purchasing power tastes cost focus and differentiation focus Week 10 6 Stuck in the middle Firms with no clear generic business strategy high Differentiation or low-cost strategy Focus strategy profitability Stuck in the middle low low market share Week 10 high 7 Miles & Snow’ Typology (1) Prospector – – – – Risk-taking Growth oriented Aggressively seek markets and opportunities Entrepreneurial style of management defender – – – – Protect current markets Maintain stable growth Serve existing customers Emphasize efficiency over innovation Week 10 8 Miles & Snow’ Typology (2) Analyzer – Protect current market share + create market opportunities – Seek balance between: Efficiency and innovation Risk-avoidance and risk-taking Control and flexibility Reactor – No consistent approach – React to environmental changes – Compared to prospector: Drifts with events vs. seek out opportunities Wait to be influenced/changed vs. influence/change the industry Week 10 9 Product Life Cycle (PLC) introduction growth mature decline Market growth Low High Low to moderate Negative Competition Low Increasing Intense Changing Overall objective Market awareness Create consumer demand Defend market Consolidate, share maintain or exit Sales and marketing Production efficiency Major functional R&D concern Week 10 General management and finance 10 Strategies based on PLC prospector analyzer defender reactor differentiation low cost low cost focus differentiation Week 10 11 Business-level Strategic Planning: value chain Organization Infrastructure Human Resources Information Systems Material Management support inbound logistics production outbound logistics Week 10 marketing & sales service 12 Value-added Analysis: sporting shoe industry Value-added 17 3 30 50 component manufacturing assembling wholesale retail 35% 30% 15% 100 10% cost Week 10 13 The smiling curve Week 10 14 Business-level Strategic

Saturday, February 22, 2020

The historical and literary significance of the relationship Essay

The historical and literary significance of the relationship concerning Emperor Xuanzong, An Lushan, and Yang Guifei - Essay Example Emperor Xuanzong, though, was held responsible for over-trusting An Lushan, Li Linfu andYang Guozhong during his late time in power, with Tang's golden era ending in the Anshi Rebellion. This was clear beginning of the Tang Dynasty's decline (Skaff 223). The An Shi Rebellion (755-763) was a whirling end in the Tang Dynasty’s recognition of foreigners. Subsequent to the Rebellion, it was narrow-minded that culture and rising persecution of foreign and religious communities. For this reason, cultural historians of the Tang allege that this attitudinal change was a reaction to the uprising. In current history, the Rebellion is at all times seen as a demonstration of the threat of the outsider (West 108). The attitudinal move of the Tang is thus seen, as a result, to this sudden manifested unfamiliar threat. This conventional explanation places the social and political as a reason, and assumes that the attitudinal shift was a natural outcome of the disastrous foreigner-led revolut ion. It has been found that the opposite is true. As is detailed above, the Rebellion was in no way strained along tribal lines, with both sides deeply associated with foreign control in China. The classification of the rebels as representative of the threat of the alien did not come up sensibly out of the actual situation. However, this clarity was produced by a cultural background that defined all the Tang Empire’s conflicts as a war stuck between the barbarians’ people and the Han. The attitudinal move away from cosmopolitanism and towards elimination of the foreigner pre-dated and defined the uprising (West 108). Through research, the development of this artistic shift in popular literature and politics was before the Rebellion. It is evident that the shift towards the elimination of the foreigner began at least three decades earlier to the Rebellion. In paragraph one sentence two the evidence of this shift, demonstrate how this cultural context affected the Tang e lites’ perceptive of the Rebellion as it occurred. Both in paragraph one and two support the thesis that the identification of the Rebellion as a foreign incursion was primarily caused by pre-Rebellion cultural shifts relatively to the actual events of the Rebellion. The An Shi Rebellion is named after the two rebel leaders (703-757). Turco-Sogdian frontier general named An Lushan, who revoked Tang and established his own rule in the central and northeastern regions of China (Ye 71). Guifei was born in 719 during the Dynasty of Tang, early in the sovereignty of Emperor Xuanzong. Almost immediately into his reign as rebel emperor, An Lushan was assassinated by his officers and own staff (West 108). The throne was passed to his son whose ruling was marked by military struggles that lead to rescue of west-central china by Tang. One of the generals seized the rebel state until his assassination in 762, where his son could not lead and was defeated by Tang forces and committed sui cide. This marked the end of the rebellion. Regardless of the overseas heritage of the two royal families of the radical state, the actual ethnic identity of equal sides was extremely complex. The rebel state had ties with Han Hebei separatists and engaged thousands of Han officials and generals, even as the Tang administration during the Rebellion functioned as a Uyghur vassal. The Tang surrender to foreigners would substantially outlive the Rebellion (Ye 323). The relationship of the three leader’

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Software Engineering - Essay Example Software requirements, 2. Software design, 3.Software construction, 4. Software testing, 5. Software maintenance, 6. Software configuration and management, 7. Software engineering management, 8. Software engineering process, 9. Software engineering tools and methods, 10. Software quality, and 11. Knowledge areas of related disciplines (Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Management, Mathematics, Project Management, Quality Management, Software Ergonomics, and Systems Engineering) (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 1-2). Software engineers, therefore, must be proficient with the latter knowledge areas to handle every software engineering projects properly, successfully and efficiently. The software engineering project being studied at hand is the Chat Application. According to the given case, the status of which is that there is an unexpected disappearing messages that caused the team one extra week to debug. Further, the Director for Software Services has the following comments, impressions and questions: 1. She is not pleased with the delay, 2. She comes to one of the status meetings to find out what happened, 3. She states, Your team has been testing this application for weeks and didnt find any problems, 4. She asked, Why didnt you find the problem sooner?, and 5. She also asked, Is there any way we can kept this from happening again? As a member of the team, she wants you to discuss the following: 1. Your opinion on testing, 2. Whether an application that passes testing is free from errors, 3. Whether it is possible to design a test that will find all potential errors in the Chat Application, 4. What other techniques or strategies can developers use in conjunction with testing. Software testing consists of the dynamic verification of the behavior of a program on a finite set of test cases, suitably selected from the usually infinite executions domain, against the expected behavior.†(SWEBOK, 2004 p. 5-1) Based on the above authoritative

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Biblical Terms Used in Counseling Essay Example for Free

Biblical Terms Used in Counseling Essay Dr. William Roberts LaTonia Watkins Liberty University COUN 501 December 18, 2009 Abstract The topic of counseling has been up for discussion for sometime as it relates to the spiritual or biblical aspect versus the worldview or secular concept. There has been some disagreement in regards to whether or not one can be a Christian counselor who have a level of morals and ethics that will allow them to not let their own personal beliefs affect the level of service they provide, when faced with an issue that goes against their beliefs. Upon conducting a biblical word search for counsel or counseling related terms it becomes evident that the core principles and foundation of counseling is found throughout the bible. The information obtained will detail the usefulness of the Bible in engaging in a meaningful as well as effective counseling profession. Biblical Terms Used In Counseling There has been much dispute as to the usefulness and validity for using biblical concepts in counseling. The most common disagreement is found between counseling professionals and Christian counseling professionals. Pride (2006) states, â€Å"psychology approaches human behavior from a secular, humanistic perspective. † Accordingly, Biblical revelation is irrelevant to understanding or changing human behavior. Psychology seeks to describe and explain human behavior apart from what God has clearly revealed. Its premises are derived from man-made theories, human wisdom and research conducted without a corresponding search for truth as God defines truth. Clinton and Ohlschlager (2002) have a different opinion of counseling and prefer using the Bible stating â€Å"secular psychology begins with a study of man’s ideas; Biblical counseling begins with a study of the Word of God as it relates to human behavior and human need. Therefore it is dependent upon the revealed mind of God rather than the easily deceived mind of man. † However it does not begin with God, it follows a path that lines up with the Word of God and examines man’s problems in light of God’s responses. The two aforementioned viewpoints are clear cut examples of the differences in opinions and viewpoints for counseling from a secular perspective as well as the religious perspective. Another view of counseling attempts to integrate religion/biblical views or perspectives with psychological counseling which is known as the secular-humanist view. Some view counseling as a process of prayerfully and sensitively listening to another person (Proverbs 18:13, 17), helping discern soul needs and providing biblical advice towards changing the attitudes and behaviors towards modeling God. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the validity of the Bible as a source for counseling and to expand the overall view of counseling perspectives. By examining words and concepts in the Bible as they relate to counseling the relationship between the two will be discovered. Using Biblical concepts adds depth and enriches the counseling relationship (Pride, 2006). Also addressed in this paper will be the ways of Biblical terms and their relationship to modern counseling concepts. Biblical counseling terms can provide a useful tool for counseling as well as allows for an understanding of counseling concepts in the field of counseling. Biblical Words Related to Counseling Counsel The term counsel is found to be translated 80 times throughout the King James Version of the bible which includes 74 verses between the Old Testament and the New Testament combined. According to the word search the term counsel is used interchangeably with several terms in the bible such as advise (Qal), consult (Nipal) and conspire (Hithpael). Judges 18:5 â€Å"They said, ‘Oh, good- inquire of God for us. Find out whether our mission will be a success. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ In this passage they are seeking (consult) God for his guidance (advise) in regards to the outcome of their mission. I Kings 12:8-9 â€Å"But he rejected the counsel of the elders and asked the young men he’d grown up with who were now currying his favor, ‘What do you think? What should I say to these people who are saying, give us a break from your father’s harsh ways- lighten up on us’? † This passage also shows an example of someone seeking advice in their situation. Mark 3:6 â€Å"The Pharisees got out as fast as they could, sputtering about how they would join forces with Herod’s followers and ruin him. † This scripture details how the Pharisees consulted together and decide that they would join forces with Herod’s followers and go against Jesus. John 18:14 â€Å"It was Caiaphas who had advised the Jews that it was to their advantage that one man die for the people. † In this scripture Caiaphas is advising (counseling) the people on Jesus dying for the people. Advise The word advise has 947 different translations in 873 versus in the King James Version of the Bible and is derived from the Hebrew word ya-ats, meaning to know, learn to know, to perceive, see and discern, to name a few. These translations were only referenced to the Old Testament according to Blue Letter Bible; however after cross referencing with Crosswalk, New Testament scriptures were listed as well. Exodus 18:19 â€Å"Now listen to me. Let me tell you how to do this so that God will be in this with you. Be there for the people before God, but let the matters of concern be presented to God. † This scripture details Moses father in law advising him to be there for the people, however to allow God to handle everything and work things out for them. I Kings 12:6 â€Å"King Rehoboam talked it over with the elders who had advised his father when he was alive. ‘What’s your counsel? How do you suggest that I answer the people? ’† In this scripture the King is seeking to be counseled and advised from the elders as to how he should treat the people. Acts 21:21 â€Å"Theyve been told that you advise believing Jews who live surrounded by Gentiles to go light on Moses, telling them that they dont need to circumcise their children or keep up the old traditions. This isnt sitting at all well with them. † In this scripture they are discussing getting advise as to whether they should follow the traditional teachings of Moses and allow their children to be circumcised or if they should go against tradition. Help The word help appears 126 times in 117 versus throughout the King James Version of the Bible the Old and New Testament according to Blue letter Bible. Help is listed as to help (Qal), succor (Niphal), or support (Hiphil) which is defined as to give or provide what is necessary to accomplish a task or satisfy a need; to contribute strength or means to; render assistance to; to cooperate effectively (Webster 2005). Genesis 2:18 â€Å"God said, ‘It’s not good for the Man to be alone; I’ll make him a helper, a companion. ’† In this scripture help is being used in the form of God giving Adam a companion in order for him to no longer be alone. Mark 9:24 â€Å"No sooner were the words out of his mouth than the father cried, ‘Then I believe. Help me with my doubts! ’† In this scripture the father of the demon possessed boy was seeking Jesus’ help with casting the demon out of his son. The father was acknowledging that he had a need of Jesus and that he knew that Jesus could help him, although a part of him had doubts, I would venture to say it was because the disciples had tried to cast the demon out of the boy and were unable to do so. Advice The word advice appears 9 times in 9 versus in the King James Version of the Bible and is derived from the Hebrew word dabar, meaning speech, word, speaking, thing. II Samuel 19:43 â€Å"And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said , We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye: why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel. † In this scripture they are seeking advice as to why they were not sought out first as to the decision regarding bringing back the king. I Corinthians 1:10 â€Å"I have a serious concern to bring up with you, my friends, using the authority of Jesus, our Master. Ill put it as urgently as I can: You must get along with each other. You must learn to be considerate of one another, cultivating a life in common. † In this scripture Paul is giving the people advice on getting along with each other and learning to be considerate. Discussion After completing this assignment and getting the information and knowledge gained from this course I can say that my view of counseling has changed. Although I have read the bible many times, and I am taking up Professional Counseling, it did not occur to me until this assignment how the bible is definitely the foundation for any counseling practice. When you look at some of the terms used to describe Jesus in the text,( i. e. Master, Teacher, Counselor, etc. ) it puts things in to perspective as to where the foundation of counseling began. Jesus is the central focus of counseling and the exemplar of the Wonderful Counselor. The Bible is about counseling, giving both understanding of people and methods of ministering to people. The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, and wisdom is the only worthy goal of counseling. (Carson, 2005). The Bible is authoritative, relevant and comprehensively sufficient for counseling. God has spoken to every issue that humans could possible face in the 66 Books of the Bible, which establishes the goal of counseling, how to change, what the role of the counselor is, counseling methods and so much more. The Bible’s view of counseling defines a distinctive ideal for how we as humans should live. The image of Christ is a familiar item in Christian profession, but its implications are often ignored when it comes to counseling. Much of the difficulty of counseling consists in sustaining suffers in hope through the comforts of the gospel. Counseling is simply the personalized ministry of the Bible, tailored to the particular situations and problems of individuals and small groups. In Genesis, God led the way when he was talking to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden regarding the decision they made to disobey his word and follow the serpent. Although this is a clear cut example of God counseling the two (advising, consulting, teaching, helping, etc. ), I don’t think we (society) really looks at this situation in regards to a counseling aspect. Models of spiritual counseling in the Bible can serve as important templates for counseling in the professional (secular) as well as the Christian aspects. The emphasis on communication and relationships implies the concept of involvement which is dependent on availability to council (Acts 20:31) and the importance of balance in the process of counseling, (Galatians 6:2 and 6:5). Conclusion There are so many more words that are found in the counseling sector that are used throughout the Bible this paper only included a few. Hathaway (2009) talks about Proverbs and Psalms being gold mines of wisdom and consolation relevant to counseling. The words from the Bible relating to counseling enhances counseling and are deemed appropriate as they relate to counseling outside the Christian realm. A concern that arose while doing the research is that the Biblical counseling aspect is non-subjective and refers to the counsel and the instructive power of God through the Holy Spirit. Biblical words in counseling are the foundation from where counseling stems, which reiterates that there is nothing new under the sun as it relates to what can be found in the Word of God. McMinn (1996 )states scripture and the counseling approach God enjoins, treats all of human life. The Bible’s counseling, on which we must seek to model our own counseling, speaks to the gamut of problems in living. Scripture comforts the disturbed and disturbs the comfortable, turning people from foolishness to wisdom in every area: e. g. , learning to conciliate and to build constructive relationships in family, church, workplace, and neighborhood; attitudes and practices regarding finances and material possessions; responding to physical health or illness, to wealth or poverty, to success or failure, to acceptance or rejection; self-and other deception; addictive behaviors; the gamut of emotions, whether dysphoric (e. . , anger, depression, anxiety, fear, guilt) or euphoric (e. g. , love, happiness, joy, gratitude, confidence); decision-making; the response to suffering and bereavement; and so forth. In relation to using the Bible as a counseling tools it is best summed by Walker (2005) the Bible is sufficient to provide a systematic approach to counseling. The Bible pr ovides and models both counsel and counseling, teaching us to do likewise, with the intention of changing and sustaining people.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Ethical Dilemmas in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essay -- Kill M

Ethical Dilemmas in Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird Black and white, right and wrong; do decisions that simple and clear even exist? Does a decision ever mean gaining everything without giving anything up? Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are forced to make difficult, heart wrenching decisions that have no clear right answer. Harper Lee presents many of these important decisions in To Kill A Mockingbird as ethical dilemmas, or situations that require a choice between two difficult alternatives. Both of these alternatives have unpleasant aspects and question morals and ethics. A person is put in an awkward position, with their mind saying contradicting things. These dilemmas are presented in many different ways. The decisions in the beginning of the book are simple and can be solved quite easily, yet they are symbolic of later decisions. Other dilemmas place adult-like decisions in the lap of a child. One dilemma concerned a man burdened with the strict traditions of the South. Then there are the two biggest dilemm as, Atticus' decision to take the case and Heck Tate's choice between truth and the emotional well being of a man. Lee's ingenious storyline is established by these crucial and mentally arduous choices faced by the characters. The first half of To Kill A Mockingbird contains many classic dilemmas that serve as models for more important problems later to come. For example, Atticus is forced into a choice between disobeying Scout's teacher and doing what he feels is right for Scout. Atticus wants Scout to retain her respect for the teacher and to continue following her instructions. Yet, he knows that the time he shares with his daughter is very important and is something that will h... ...o take. Unlike plot, the ethical dilemmas do not follow in importance from beginning to end. The most important decision occurred in the middle of the book, however the final ethical dilemma was very important in bringing the reader a feeling of conclusion. The perfection to which the ethical dilemmas were presented and resolved was impressive and key to the stunning impact of To Kill A Mockingbird. Sources Consulted Erisman, Fred. "The Ethical Dilemmas of Harper Lee." Alabama Review April 26, 1983: 122-36. Johnson, Claudia. "The Secret Courts of Men's Hearts: Code and Law in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird." Studies in American Fiction (1991):129-139. Jones, Carolyn. "Black and White and Atticus Finch." The Southern Quarterly Summer 1999: 56-63. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY:Â   J.B.Lippincott Company, 1990.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Consider the role of Iago in act III scene 3 and show how Shakespeare portrays Iago, and the effect he has on Othello

Iago is one of Shakespeare's most unforgettable desperados. In Act III scene 3 Iago's feelings are driven by a passion of such intense strength that, even though we might understand his motives, it is difficult to feel that anything other than pure evil could compel him to such extremes of behaviour as a result. We also see Iago taking a powerful, sadistic delight in the damage which he causes throughout the scene, and how he has a cancerous effect on Othello and his relationship with Desdemona. Iago manipulates the perceptions of other characters with great skill, using lies which contain sufficient truth. He is an opportunist, and takes advantage of anything. ‘Ha! I like not that.' Iago plants a seed of guilt, which he nurtures throughout the scene. He advocates that the figure he has seen leaving cannot be Cassio, because he is a respectable and worthy man who would not stoop to such a sneaking and fraudulent kind of behaviour. By suggesting that an action, which might seem innocent, may in reality conceal something altogether more suspicious, Iago cleverly hints that Cassio has a guilty conscience. The effectiveness of the compound word ‘guilty-like' used by Iago puts an element of doubtfulness and apprehension in Othello. At the beginning of the scene there is an open, playful, loving relationship between Othello and Desdemona: ‘Tis as I should entreat you wear gloves, Or feed on nourishing dishes, or keep you warm,' This flirtatious discussion is the last time we see love and contentment between Othello and Desdemona. ‘Excellent Wretch' This is Othello's last statement of happiness. The words show an eternal world of love and lust; Othello loves Desdemona deeply. From that moment on Othello suffers a torment of jealousy; his happiness is being ate away by the covetousness seed that Iago has planted. Iago is a fine judge of character: he knows what people like and what makes people irritated and infuriated. ‘Did Michael Cassio, When you wooed my lady, know of your love?' Iago is prodding Othello. He is not giving him a straight answer, and this deeply exasperates and annoys Othello. Iago uses good tactics to form a sense of culpability and doubt in Othello. Iago's hesitations frighten Othello. In a performance of this scene, the actor playing Iago should put prominence and emphasis on ‘think' as this would create an impression of guilt. ‘Men Should be what they seem' This statement is ironic. If Iago was what he seemed he would be good, trustworthy and loyal, but he is not. He is iniquitous and impious. He is able to put on false front. Iago is a consummate dissembler. Iago has now begun to plant a seed of hesitation and uncertainty in Othello. ‘As where's that palace, whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not?' Iago articulates how the purest spirit may still endure from foul things. This echoes exactly what is happening in this scene. Iago is pouring his foul, evil poison into the mind of Othello. This causes Othello to doubt what is really happening. No matter how many dreadful things Iago says, Othello is left with the abiding belief that he knows more terrible things than he has been told and is trying to diminish the upset because of his honest friendship and regard for him: ‘Though I perchance am vicious in my guess†¦' Iago again uses the extremely effective tool of appearing to be very reluctant in speaking ill of others whereas at the same time managing to advocate that he knows much more which would cause distress to Othello if he were to know the truth ‘Who steals my purse, steals trash; 'tis something, nothing; ‘Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands: But he that filches from me my good name Robs me of that which not enriches him And makes me poor indeed.' Here we see the effect Iago has had on Othello. Iago has threatened Othello in his most defenceless area: his reputation. Iago is very dexterous. He tells Othello that his reputation is everything. This is the opposite of what he said to Cassio, telling him that his status was not everything. Iago then ingeniously tells Othello to be aware of being jealous, to hide his jealousy. This cunningly plants the thought of being covetous in his mind. Iago is again taunting Othello. He is building up his heat-oppressed mind. ‘Thou dost conspire against thy friend, Iago,' Othello knows that Iago is keeping something terrible from him. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony. Othello says that Iago is plotting against him by not telling him his thoughts, but Iago is telling Othello his thoughts whilst at the same time plotting against him. Iago is getting Othello emotionally prepared for what he is planning to inform him. Iago uses good psychology by keeping Othello at a distance by not expressing his thoughts to him. ‘Ha!' Othello's short, sharp speeches portray the effect Iago has had on him, emotionally. It shows the state of mind that Iago has reduced Othello to. Othello has been emotionally reduced. This shows that Iago is gaining the ascendancy. The roles have swapped. Iago is now the more dominant of the two. Iago introduces the word ‘cuckold'. He explains to Othello that it is better to know Desdemona is having an affair compared to not knowing and the torment of a man who is infatuated but insecure, who suspects his wife but continues to love and adore. Iago is again taunting Othello. He is purposely building up an element of doubt and suspicion in Othello. At this point Iago assumes he has convinced Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio, but things go wrong. Othello tells Iago that he is not going to doubt Desdemona until he sees it and therefore if he does, Othello can then prove that Desdemona is disloyal and unfaithful. For a short period of time this throws Iago off track. Up until now Iago has just dropped hints. This has not worked to his best advantage. Now he becomes much more direct and focused and attempts an innovative, diverse approach. Although we condemn and depreciate Iago's malevolence, it is very difficult for us not to admire his skill and creativity. ‘I speak not yet of proof†¦ Look to your wife, observe her with Cassio' Iago skilfully twists his words so that the fact of Desdemona's deceitfulness and dishonesty appears not to be in question. Iago tells Othello of his innocence and ingenuity of Venetian customs. ‘I know our country disposition well' This further persuades Othello to believe his lies by pointing out how Desdemona has already deceived her father in marrying him. This echoes Brabantio's final words in Act I scene 3. ‘She had deceived her father, and may thee.' Iago reminds Othello this at the best possible time, when he is feeling at his most vulnerable. Iago tells Othello how Desdemona is exceptionally good at deceiving people, as she did it to her own father. This is also ironic as Iago is a skilled dissembler, and yet is accusing Desdemona of also being a consummate dissembler. Othello is reduced to single utterances, which show he is losing confidence and has something on his mind. It shows the impact Iago is having on him. Again, it illustrates to us that Iago is now the much more dominant of the two and is gaining control. Othello's diminutive answers show he is reading into what Iago is saying. This also emphasizes our sense of Othello's significant theatrical status as an ‘outsider', someone so unfamiliar with the Venetian customs and society that Iago's lies will seem conceivable, and who will accept as true the suggestion that all Venetian women routinely commit treachery and betrayal. Iago is not only an expert at manipulating people, but also at manipulating words. ‘I think she's honest' Iago ingeniously picks up on words and fills them with hesitation and doubt. Othello reacts to this by leaving the stage. This shows us that the poison, which Iago planted, is now spreading. Iago has a cancerous effect on him. Iago then continues to provoke uncertainty and suspicion in Othello by putting forward the idea that it was un-natural in Desdemona for choosing Othello. She refused proposals from men who were from her own country, men of the same race, and in the same rank as her, and she chose Othello instead. Iago takes a risk. He implies that Desdemona is un-natural and lustful, as she has chosen someone older than her and someone not of the same race. We can see the dramatic impact Iago has had on Othello. In Act III Scene 3, Othello is bursting with love for Desdemona ‘ Excellent Wretch!' Now Othello is asking himself ‘Why did I marry?' This shows how successful Iago has been bringing down Othello's happiness. He has taken his height of happiness and filled it with covetousness, distrust and jealousy. Iago has done all this without any proof, which shows that he is a brilliant operator. He has taken Desdemona's goodness and corrupted it into a vice of loyalty. Iago has a deep knowledge of the human psyche and is smartly and ingeniously able to manipulate feelings- for his benefit. Iago has convinced Othello that Desdemona has committed adultery because of his race and because he does not have a smooth engaging conversation like some other men have. ‘This fellow's of exceeding honesty' This is the first soliloquy given to Othello. This allows us to see the inner workings of Othello, which have been unable to be seen until now. The correspondence between the outward appearance and inner reality begins to break down. Othello dwells upon what he has come to see as his deficiencies in the eyes of others. Desdemona may well see him as a black man and who has few civilised graces of more sophisticated men. Desdemona enters and is concerned her husband is not well. Othello is unwell, but not in the way Desdemona thinks, for he is sick of spirit, not of body. Othello has convinced himself he's been ‘abused' and his only relief is to despise her. There is a total contrast between the contentment and delight in Desdemona and the tormented and tortured soul of Othello. Iago mentions the prospect of providing Othello with ‘proof'. Yet in no circumstances proof has been impending, and still Iago is able to skilfully able to compose characters to act and feel guilt and suspicion to act with certain proof on many occasions. Iago sees innocent things and turns them into acts of guilt and causes suspicion in people. This allows him to move the criteria for Desdemona's remorse and guilt onto such a modest thing as a handkerchief. ‘I will in Cassio's lodging lose this napkin, And let him find it.' In Iago's soliloquy he reveals the key to his success, in proving that Desdemona's adultery is in no doubt. It is Othello's weakness, which will bring out his destruction. ‘The mines of sulphur' This gives us the image of hellfire. Iago is often connected with the powers of hell, evil and torture. Othello re-enters. This shows he is confused and has a perplexed state of mind. ‘I slept the night well, was free and merry; I found not Cassio's kisses on her lips.' Iago obtains a sinister, evil, malicious enjoyment from the torture and torment he has caused Othello. He has turned the loyal Othello into a confused, eager man who has been totally consumed by jealousy and melancholy. Othello has been deduced. He says goodbye to a peaceful mind. The repetition of ‘farewell' shows the completeness of his loss. But the sad thing is he has lost nothing. Yet he does not know that. We see a human being rapidly destroyed by another human. Othello is declining and emotionally becoming bitter, almost approaching insanity. ‘I think my wife be honest, and think she is not, I think thou art just, and think thou art not' Othello is waving between suspicion and loyalty as he struggles with himself to determine the truth. In choosing between Desdemona and Iago, it is Othello's inability to accept his own potential for love and trust which destroys him. This is an important turning point for Othello. Othello's vision of himself and his wife excludes such compromise, and so when Iago offers Othello ‘proof' he is savage in the passion with which he believes her to be guilty. What we see here is evidence of Iago's mastery of intrigue and deception. ‘Give me a living reason, that she's disloyal.' Iago has put himself in an awkward situation. Iago's bombardment has an effect on Othello. He has awakened Othello's wrath and if he cannot support his suggestions of Desdemona's infidelity he will pay dearly for it. Othello is now desperate to be certain, that he seems almost keen to pounce upon Iago's account as true. This is ironic, as the roles of the characters are briefly changed, when Iago comments on Cassio speaking in his sleep. Othello is convinced of Desdemona's betrayal and Iago who is arguing in support for Cassio, ‘it was but his dream'. Othello has now overtaken Iago's plotting and sweeps the action along. Iago is unable to give Othello proof, so Iago cunningly makes proof sound dirty so that Othello will not ask any further questions. The image Iago paints in Othello's mind is repulsive, sordid and disgusting. Iago uses animal images to describe the action of Cassio and Desdemona together. This is significant as he is again reducing beauty to a disgusting act. He reduces the sex act to a bestial and foul level. ‘Do not rise yet.' Iago kneels with Othello as they swear a ‘sacred vow' to seek ‘black vengeance' against Desdemona and Cassio. As Iago's work on Othello begins to stoke up a furnace of jealousy and his sense of wronged honour, we see a change in Othello's behaviour. We also see how the language of Iago and Othello has been interchanged with the roles. Iago is now clearly the master in the relationship, as the villain speaks of vows to heaven. Othello, using language more appropriate to that of Iago, says of Desdemona: ‘Damn her, lewd minx'. His effectiveness as a character in the play rests upon the way he is seen differently by the other characters, who see loyalty, honesty and trustworthiness, and by the audience, who see a malevolent, who manipulates others with the intention of completely destroying them. Iago is portrayed as a self-admiring, vicious, weak, cruel and arrogant character that is only able to achieve his ends through the weakness of others. He is not merely a symbol of iniquity and malevolence, but is much more. The malign Iago turns Othello, from a noble, heroic, loving innocent man and destroys him. Iago falls prey to the same suspicion he generates in Othello and, through controlling the plot for most of the scene, moves Othello towards his cynical view of the world.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Differentiating the Diagnosis Between Autism and...

Twenty years ago, we seldom heard of the terms Autism or Aspergers Syndrome. Today the terminology seems to be as well known as the words Schizophrenia or Down Syndrome . Most of us know someone who has a relative with one of these disorders, or have a child or a relative ourselves who has been diagnosed. While the terms are recognizable, these disorders are relatively new to the ordinary citizen. The knowledge of the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are even further limited. For those who have children or siblings that have one of these disorders, the symptoms and treatment are very well known, as they immerse themselves into learning as much as possible about the disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Pervasive†¦show more content†¦The ADOS is an activity or play based assessment that provides information through observation of different aspects of social behavior (Le Couteur, 2008). The ADOS summary disagnostics alogrithm distinguishes between ASD and not ASD (Le Couteur, 2008). According to the New Zealand Autism Spectrum Disoder Guideline, The Diagnostic Criteria for ASD, under the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 there must be six or more symptoms over the period of three years (Wellington, 2008). Some examples listed in the Guideline for Autism Diagnosis are: 1. Qualitative impairment in social interaction manifested by at least two of the following: Impairment in eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures or gestures, failure to develop relationships with peers, lack of social or emoitonal reprocity, or lack of seeking to share enjoyment (Wellington, 2008). 2. Qualitative impairments in commnications manifested by one of the following: Delay or lack of spoken language, marked impairment in the ability to initiate orsustain conversations with others, repetitive use of the same language, or lack of spantaneous make believe play or social imitative play (Wellington, 2008). 3. Restrictive Repetitive patterns of behavior, intrest or activities by one of the following: Preoccupation with one or more pattern of interest, such as being obsessed with the weather or dinosaurs, apparent inflexibility to non functional rountines or rituals, repetitive motor mannerismsShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )885 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects a group of complex disorders of brain development. Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interactions, social communication and an unusually restricted range of behaviors and interest (David R. Simmons, 2009). 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